![]() ![]() Diameter of the absorber is the same with that of the stripper, and the required packing height is 2.1 m (packing: ceramic raschig rings, 25 mm). According to estimated values, a stripping column having a 1 m diameter and 2.5 m packing height (packing: ceramic raschig rings, 25 mm) is suitable to achieve 97% of ammonia removal. In the predesign calculations stripping factor, desired removal rate and the volumetric flow rate of urine and sulphuric acid were estimated. In the absorption unit, averagely 92% of ammonia was recovered as ammonium sulphate. At an air flow rate of 0.21 m(3) /h, and at pH 12, the highest mass transfer rate (0.085 g/h) was obtained. In the stripping process, a direct relationship was observed between air flow rate and mass transfer rate. The highest value of combined mass transfer coefficient was 0.48 h(-1), obtained at a pH of 12 and an air flow rate of 0.27 m(3) /h. (K-L X a) was observed to increase with increasing pH level and air flow rate. Combined mass transfer coefficient (K-L X a) for urine-air interaction, was calculated for different pH levels and air flow rates, by using a spherical stripping unit equipped with a ceramic fine-pore air stone (average pore size 40 microns). Throughout the experiments, ammonia was stripped with air in a batch system and absorbed in sulphuric acid solution. ![]() This study concerns the removal and recovery of ammonia from urine by stripping and absorption processes. Separately collected human urine contains valuable nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. ![]()
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